Introduction of Official Safety Control on Chinese Products of Animal Origin for Export & import
一、進出口食品安全法律、法規和標準體系
Laws, Regulations and Standards on import and Export Food Safety
（一）法律Laws
1、《中華人民共和國進出口商品檢驗法》
Law of the People’s Republic of China on import and Export Commodity Inspection
2、《中華人民共和國進出境動植物檢疫法》
Law of the People's Republic of China on the Entry and Exit Animal and Plant Quarantine
3、《中華人民共和國動物防疫法》
Law of the People's Republic of China on Animal Disease Prevention
4、《中華人民共和國食品衛生法》
Food Hygiene Law of the People's Republic of China
5、《中華人民共和國產品質量法》
Product Quality Law of the People's Republic of China
（二）法規 Regulations
1、《中華人民共和國進出境動植物檢疫法實施條例》
Regulations for the Implementation of the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Entry and Exit Animal and Plant Quarantine
2、《中華人民共和國進出口商品檢驗法實施條例》
Regulations for the Implementation of the Law of the People's Republic of China on import and Export Commodity Inspection
3、《中華人民共和國獸藥管理條例》
Administrative Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Veterinary Medicine
4、《中華人民共和國飼料管理條例》
Administrative Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Feeding Fodder
5、《中華人民共和國農藥管理條例》
Administrative Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Pesticides
6、《中華人民共和國種畜禽管理條例》
Administrative Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Breeding Stock and Poultry
（三）部門規章Regulations of Ministry
1、動物衛生控制Animal Disease Control
（1）《供港澳活禽檢驗檢疫管理辦法》（國家質檢總局第26號局令）
（2）《動物疫情報告管理辦法》（1999年10月20日農業部發布）
（3）《國家動物疫情測報體系管理規范（試行）》
（4）《國家高致病性禽流感防治應急預案》
（5）《關于印發《高致病性禽流感防治技術規范》等7個重大動物疫病防治技術規范的通知》
(1) Control Measures for report on animal epidemic situation (issued by Ministry of Agriculture on Oct 20th, 1999)
(2) Control Measures for Inspection and Quarantine of Live Birds Supplied to Hong Kong and Macao (Order of AQSIQ No.26)
(3) Specifications on State Animal Epidemic Situation of report and Forecast
(4) State Emergency Provision On Prevention and Cure of HPAI
(5) Notification regarding of issuing 7 important epizootic control technical protocols including Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Control Technical Protocol ( MOA [2002] No. 74)
2、進出口肉類、水產品及蜂蜜生產加工衛生安全控制
Hygiene and Safety control on Processing of Meat, Aquatic product and honey for export and import
（1）《進出境肉類產品檢驗檢疫管理辦法》（國家質檢總局2002年第26號令）
（2）《出口肉禽飼養用藥管理辦法》
（3）《出口禽肉及其制品檢驗檢疫要求》
（4）《進出境水產品檢驗檢疫管理辦法》(國家質檢總局2002年31號令)
（5）《出口蜂蜜檢驗檢疫管理辦法》（國家質檢總局第20號局令）
（6）關于印發《出口鰻魚產品檢驗檢疫和監管要求（試行）》的通知
(1) Control Measures for Inspection and Quarantine of Meat for entry-exit (AQSIQ Announcement No. 26, 2002)
(2) Regulation on Drug Usage Control for Export Chicken
(3) Inspection and Quarantine requirements for Export Chicken and Chicken Products
(4) Inspection and Quarantine Administrative Measures for Entry and Exit Aquatic Products (AQSIQ Announcement No. 31, 2002)
(5) Inspection and Quarantine Administrative Measures on honey and honey Products for export (CIQ Announcement No. 20)
3、出口食品企業注冊管理
Administration on Registration of Food Establishments for Export
（1）《出口食品衛生注冊登記管理規定》（國家質檢總局2002年第20號令）
（2）《出口食品生產企業危害分析與關鍵控制點（HACCP）管理體系認證管理規定》（2002年認監委第3號公告）
（3）《出口食品生產企業申請國外衛生注冊管理辦法》（認監委2002第15號公告）
（4）《出口鰻魚養殖場登記管理辦法》
(1) Administrative Regulation of Sanitary Registration for Food processing Establishment for Export (AQSIQ Announcement No. 20)
(2) Regulation on Administration of HACCP Management System Certification (CNCA Announcement No.3 2002)
(3) Regulation for Administration of Domestic Manufacturers Regarding Food Export Registration in Foreign Countries (CNCA Announcement No.15,2002)
(4) Administrative Measures of registration on farm of eels for export
4、殘留監控
Residue Monitoring
（1）《獸藥管理條例實施細則》
（2）《農藥管理條例實施辦法》（農業部令20號）
（3）《水產品藥物殘留專項整治計劃》
（4）《殘留分析質量控制指南》
（5）《關于發布《動物性食品中獸藥最高殘留限量》的通知》
(1) Administrative Regulations on detailed rules for implementation of Veterinary drugs
(2) Administrative Regulations for implementation of Pesticide (MOA ORDER No.20)
(2) Special Renovation Plan on Drug residues of aquatic products
(3) Quality Control Guideline for Analysis of Residues
(4) Notice on MRLs of veterinary drugs in the foods of animal
5、病原微生物控制
Pathogen Control
（1）《關于執行<鮮、凍禽產品>國家標準的通知》
（2）《關于進一步加強對境肉雞產品檢驗檢疫管理的通知》
（3）《關于進一步加強禽流感防疫檢疫工作的緊急通知》
（4）《關于進一步加強進境肉類檢驗檢疫工作的通知》
（5）《進出境肉類產品檢驗檢疫管理辦法》
(1) Circular Letter on the Implementation of National Standards of Fresh, Frozen Poultry Products
(2) Circular Letter on Further Strengthening Quality Controls of Exported Chicken Products
(3) Emergency Circular on Further Strengthening AI Prevention and Identification
(4) Circular Letter on Further Strengthening Quality Controls of the import of Meat Products
(5) Management of Quality Inspection, Supervision and Quarantine of the import and Export of Meat Products
6、出口食品加工儲運衛生控制
Sanitary Control in Processing and Storage of Foods for Export
（1）《出口食品生產企業衛生注冊登記管理規定》
（2）《肉類屠宰加工企業衛生注冊規范》等規范
（4）《食品生產加工企業質量安全監督管理辦法》第52號局令
(1) Administrative Regulation of Sanitary Registration for Food processing Establishment for Export
(2) Sanitation Criteria for Slaughtering and Processing Enterprises of meat Products, and ect.
(3) Administrative measure of supervision on quality and safety of food Processing Enterprises
（四）技術標準
1、國際標準( International Standards)
（1）《動物衛生法典(OIE)》
（2）《哺乳動物、禽、蜜蜂A和B類疾病診斷試驗和疫苗標準手冊》
（3）《國際水生動物法典(OIE)》
（4）《國際水生動物疾病診斷手冊》
（5）《國際植物保護組織（IPPC）有關標準》
（6）《食品法典委員會（CAC）有關標準》
(1) Terrestrial Animal Health Code
(2) Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals
(3) Aquatic Animal Health Code
(4) Manual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animals
(5) International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures
(6) Relative standards of Codex Alimentarius Commission
2、國內標準（部分GB與SN標準）
Domestic standards (Some GB and SN)
（1）GB 2707-1994 豬肉衛生標準
（2）GB 2710-1996 鮮(凍)禽肉衛生標準
（3）SN/T 0418—95 出口凍家兔肉檢驗規程
（4）SN/T 0419—95 出口凍肉用雞檢驗規程
（5）SN/T 0384—95 出口凍對蝦檢驗
(1) GB 2707-1994 Hygiene standard for pork
(2) GB 2710-1996 Hygienic standard for fresh (frozen) poultry
(3) SN/T 0418—95 Rule for inspection of frozen rabbit meat for export
(4) SN/T 0419—95 Rule for inspection of frozen chicken for export
(5) SN/T 0384—95 Rule of the inspection of frozen prawn for export
二、組織管理體系（Management System）
（一）組織機構Organization
根據我國有關法律法規和十屆全國人大一次會議批準通過的新一屆政府機構，我國涉及動物健康與保護、植物保護以及食品安全的官方機構主要有三個,即國家質量監督檢驗檢疫總局、農業部和衛生部。
According to relevant Chinese laws and regulations, currently there are three governmental bodies involved in animal health, animal and plant protection and food safety—General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China (AQSIQ) , Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) and Ministry of Health
1、國家質量監督檢驗檢疫總局（國家質檢總局）：
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China (AQSIQ)
2001年4月由原國家出入境檢驗檢疫局與原國家質量技術監督局合并組建而成，是國務院直屬的正部級部門。國家質檢總局主管全國質量、計量、出入境商品檢驗、出入境衛生檢疫、出入境動植物檢疫和認證認可、標準化等工作。質檢總局內設辦公廳等15個機構，同時管理國家認證認可監督管理委員會和國家標準化管理委員會。兩個委員會分別負責綜合、協調全國的認證認可工作和統一管理、監督和綜合協調全國的標準化工作。
AQSIQ is a ministerial body directly under the State Council, merged by the former State Administration for Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China and State Administration for Quality, Technology Supervision of the People’s Republic of China in April 2001. The scope of responsibility of AQSIQ mainly covers national quality supervision, equipment calibration, entry-exit commodity inspection, entry-exit sanitary quarantine, entry-exit quarantine of animals and plants, certification and accreditation, standardization, etc. There are 15 departments under AQSIQ, excluding the two institutions, Certification and Accreditation Administration of the People’s Republic of China and Standardization Administration Committee of the People’s Republic of China, respectively responsible for the integration, coordination and supervision of certification and accreditation, and standardization.
國家質檢總局在全國各省、自治區、直轄市和主要口岸設立了35個直屬檢驗檢疫局，在各省市設立質量技術監督局，國家質檢總局負責管理該35個直屬檢驗檢疫局的業務工作，并對其人、財、物統一實施垂直管理。各直屬檢驗檢疫局在海陸空口岸和貨物集散地設立分支機構，全國共有272個檢驗檢疫分支局和278個辦事處，共設有452個實驗室，約有32000人，其中負責進出境動物及動物產品的檢驗、檢疫、出證和出口食品加工企業的監督管理等工作的約有6000人。現有專職官方獸醫2700名，擁有動物產品和食品的檢驗檢疫設備10000臺套。
Currently AQSIQ has set up 35 CIQ bureaus and several Quality and Technology Supervision bureaus , whose operations, personnel and properties are in its vertical integration. Under the 35 bureaus, there are 282 branches and 281 offices, mainly located in different ports and goods distributing centers across the country. AQSIQ has 452 laboratories, 10,000 sets of inspection and quarantine equipment, and a staff population of around 35,000, among whom 2,700 are full-time official veterinarians and about 6,000 are responsible for entry-exit quarantine and quality inspection of animals and animal products, issuing health certificates and supervision and control of food processing plants producing products for export.
2、中華人民共和國國家認證認可監督管理局，是國務院組建并授權的履行行政管理職能，統一管理，監督和綜合協調全國認證認可工作的主管機構。其主要職能之一是負責進出口食品和化妝品生產、加工單位的衛生注冊登記的評審和注冊等工作，辦理注冊通報和向國外推薦事宜。
Certification and Accreditation Administration of the People’s Republic of China (CNCA) is established by the State Council, and is authorized by the State Council to exercise administrative responsibilities by undertaking unified management, supervision and overall coordination of certification and accreditation activities across the country.
3、農業部 Ministry of Agriculture (MOA)
農業部畜牧獸醫局負責全國動物健康和獸醫公共衛生，負責全國動物疫病的防治、診斷、疫情控制、疫情通報、獸藥管理、殘留控制、對畜禽及其產品實施檢疫等工作。對設在全國各地的31個省級畜牧獸醫局（廳）的工作進行行業指導等。
設在全國各地的省級、地級與縣級畜牧獸醫局負責本地區動物疫病的防治、診斷、疫情控制、疫情通報、獸藥管理、實施殘留控制、對供應當地市場的畜禽與畜禽產品實施檢疫等工作。
Bureau of Animal Production and Health is a department under the Ministry of Agriculture responsible for animal health and veterinary public health in China. Its scope of responsibility includes animal disease prevention and diagnosis, epidemic control and notification, veterinary drug management, residue control, quarantine of livestock and poultry and their products, etc. It also exerts control and guidance on the work of animal production and health bureaus at provincial levels, which are responsible for animal disease prevention and diagnosis, epidemic control and notification, veterinary drug management, residue control, quarantine of livestock and poultry and their products at local levels.
農業部在全國還設有四所國家級獸醫研究機構，如中國農業科學院哈爾濱獸醫研究所、中國農業科學院上海寄生蟲病研究所、中國農業科學院蘭州獸醫研究所、農業部動物檢疫所。各省也都設有相應的畜牧獸醫研究機構。分別開展對獸醫疫病的病原控制等方面的研究。
There are four national veterinary research institutes across the country, namely, Institute of Animal Quarantine of MOA, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Shanghai Verminosis Research Institute, Lanzhou Veterinary Institute. The latter three belong to China Academy of Agricultural Sciences. There are also many provincial veterinary research institutes that constitute a network conducting studies on pathogenic control of animal diseases, etc.
3、衛生部 Ministry of Health
由國務院主管，下設衛生監督中心、縣及以上各級衛生行政部門和中國CDC（營安所）。其中衛生監督中心是行政執行機構，下設同級衛生監督所（局）。中國CDC（營安所）是技術支持部門，下設同級CDC。口岸進口食品監督檢驗機構，全國共有10萬左右的衛生監督員，20余萬的食品衛生檢驗人員。
The Ministry of Health, under which there are health supervision centers, health administrative departments at county level and above and China CDC, is accountable for the State Council. Health supervision centers are administrative, executive bodies, while China CDC is responsible for technical support. There are about 100,000 food supervisors and over 200,000 food inspectors within the entry border food supervision services under the Ministry of Health.
（二）管理內容與范圍
2.2 Object and Scope of import and Export Food Safety Control
1、食品安全管理的內容包括：
2.2.1 Object—what needs to be controlled
（1）有害生物：病原微生物，蟲（體內、外寄生蟲，昆蟲），害（有害物質、雜草等）；
Harmful existences: pathogenic microbes, pests (celozoic and ectozoic parasites, insects), weeds and other harmful substances.
（2）殘留（農藥與獸藥殘留，重金屬，生物與化學毒素，有毒物質，超標的微量元素）；
Residues: pesticides and veterinary drug residues, heavy metal, chemical toxins, toxic substances, trace elements, etc.
（3）新源性食品（轉基因食品，促生長類添加物，保健食品，特殊營養物質等）。
Novel Foods: GMOs, growth promoters, health-care products, special nutrients, etc.
2、食品安全管理的范圍（Scope of Food Safety Control）
食品安全管理的范圍包括生產、加工、倉儲、運輸、進出口銷售等環節和內容
Scope—the whole supply chain including Production, Processing, Storage, Transportation, and Distribution
（1）生產 Production
（2）加工 Processing
（3）倉儲 Storage
（4）運輸 Transportation
（5）銷售或進出口 Distribution or import & Export
Ⅲ.獸醫衛生防疫體系 (Measures on Bio-security of Veterinary)
（一）農業部對動物疫病的衛生控制
1. Control of Animal Diseases by MOA
農業部門通過對國內流通領域的動物疫病的預防、動物和動物產品的檢疫、疫病的控制和撲滅、動物防疫監督以及運輸控制等環節實現對動物疾病的衛生控制。對外來動物疫病與應報告的動物疫病，嚴格按照OIE的規定要求，進行控制。
MOA and its related departments at local levels exert control over domestic animal diseases through measures on disease prevention, quarantine, control and eradication, supervision of animal disease prevention and transportation administration. All disease no matter it’s foreign or local, it should be reported and controlled in strict accordance with OIE regulations and requirements.
（二）檢驗檢疫部門對出口供宰動物的衛生控制
Sanitary Control on Animals for slaughtering by Supervision and Quarantine Authorities
1、 對飼養場的疫病控制與檢疫監管
Disease Control and Quarantine Supervision on Farms
國家質檢總局規定：所有出口禽肉加工企業必須建立“五統一（即統一屠宰，統一供雛，統一供料，統一供藥，統一防疫）”的管理體系，所屠宰的商品肉雞必須來自經檢驗檢疫機構備案的商品雞場。
AQSIQ requires that all processing plants producing poultry meat for export should establish ‘five-unification’ management system, i.e., unification of chick supply, unification of feed supply, unification of drug supply, unification of vaccination, and unification of slaughtering; that all chicken for slaughtering must be from farms that have been put on file by supervision and quarantine authorities.
出口禽肉加工企業的獸醫人員與獸醫實驗室接受當地獸醫防疫機構與檢驗檢疫機構的監督檢查與管理。當地獸醫防疫機構與檢驗檢疫機構對出口禽肉企業肉禽的飼養、防疫、用藥、免疫與疫病控制以及屠宰進行檢疫檢驗與監督管理。
Plant veterinarians and laboratories are subject to the control of local veterinary authorities and CIQs, who also supervise and regulate feeding, disease-prevention, drug-application, immunization and disease control, and slaughtering in plants.
2、宰前與宰后檢疫
3.2.2 Ante- and Post-mortem Quarantine
國家質檢總局2002年10月頒布實施的《進出境肉類檢驗檢疫管理辦法》規定：各檢驗檢疫機構要做好屠宰家禽的宰前與宰后獸醫檢疫監管。
Regulation for Entry-exit Meat Inspection and Quarantine, issued in October 2002 by AQSIQ, prescribes that CIQ at all levels should perform ante-mortem and post-mortem quarantine supervision on poultries.
3、動物疫病監測與檢測
3.2.3 Detection and Monitoring of Animal Diseases
各檢驗檢疫機構對所有供屠宰家禽進行禽流感和新城疫的檢疫和監測。對所屠宰的家禽在出欄前3-5天采取喉腔與泄殖腔棉拭子樣品, 每個飼養群不少于30個樣品，按照熒光RT-PCR方法或參照國際獸醫局(OIE)規定的方法,檢測禽流感和新城疫病毒，并進行毒力鑒定。
Competent quarantine and supervision authorities carry out ante-mortem detection and monitoring of AI and ND on poultries. To identify AI or ND virus or its toxicity, swabs should be taken from the or pharynx or cloacae of poultries 3-5 days prior to the date of slaughtering. No less than 30 samples should be taken from each flock. Fluorescent RT-PCR method or other methods recommended by OIE may be used for the identification.
（三）動物疾病通報機制
3.3 Animal Disease alert Notification System
中國一向對動物疫病實行嚴格的監測和控制。十屆全國人大一次會議批準成立的新一屆政府以更加務實的精神將對動物疫病采取更為嚴格的控制措施，對動物疫病的通報將更迅速、準確。按OIE的規定，一旦發現疫情將嚴格按下列程序上報：
當發生一類或疑似一類可報告疾病時，地方的畜牧獸醫部門或檢驗檢疫部門應在12小時內盡快分別報農業部與國家質檢總局，并依法在全國迅速采取相應措施。農業部并將有關情況向聯合國FAO等有關組織報告。
Stringent detection and control measures are always put in place in China to prevent against animal disease. The new Administration approved by the first session of the tenth National People’s Congress are treating the prevention of animal diseases in a more stringent and pragmatic way; as a result, the alert Notification System is being operated in a more accurate and efficient way. Having regard to the relevant regulations of OIE, once an animal disease is detected, the following reporting and notification procedures will be strictly followed:
When list 1 disease, or a suspected disease is detected somewhere in China, the local animal production and health department or CIQ shall respectively report to the MOA or AQSIQ within 12 hours, and at the same time, corresponding measures should be promptly put in place based on relevant laws and regulations. MOA will report to FAO and other relevant international organization on what’s being detected according to relevant laws and regulations.
Ⅳ. 殘留監控體系(Drug Residue Monitoring System)
（一）殘留監控計劃的實施
4.1 Implementation of Residue Monitoring Program
1、概述 General Situation
1999年3月，中國農業部和原國家檢驗檢疫局參照歐盟96/22與96/23指令的要求，制定了“中華人民共和國動物及動物源食品中殘留物質監控計劃”。該計劃主要包括：有關法律、法規以及有關受監控物質的禁用或允許使用、銷售管理規定；監控體系中主管部門和有關部門的組織結構；實驗室檢測網絡；官方抽樣細則；計劃檢測的物質，分析方法，計劃抽取的樣品數量；對陽性結果的處理措施。
Taking into account the requirements of the EU directive 96/22 and 96/23, MOA and the former General Administration of Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China (now known as AQSIQ) developed ‘Chinese Residues Control Program on Live Animals and Foodstuffs of Animal Origin’ in March 1999, which mainly included: laws and regulations related to residue control; competent authorities concerned and their organization structures; lab inspection network; detailed official sampling procedures; list of substances to be tested and analysis methods to be used; number of samples to be taken; measures against non-compliant cases.
2、殘留監控對象
4.1.2 Products to be monitored
1999年度殘留監控抽樣計劃將肉雞、家兔、蜂蜜與魚列為監控對象；2000年度抽樣計劃將牛、豬、馬、羊、小龍蝦和腸衣列為新增監控對象，對水產品己烯雌酚的監控檢測由魚改為鰻魚。2001年與2002年監控對象沒有改變；2003年國家質量監督檢驗檢疫總局考慮到對于蜂王漿和蜂蜜可以分別出口的實際情況，增加了對蜂王漿的監控。
Residues monitoring program in 1999 covered broilers, rabbits, honey and fish. Cattle, pigs, horse, sheep, crawfish and casings were added to the sampling plan of 2000, and the target of DES residue monitoring was specified from fish to eels. The list of animals remained unchanged from 2001 to the following year. In 2003 based on the actual condition that the royal jelly and honey are exported as two different commodities, royal jelly was added by AQSIQ to be listed in monitoring program.
3、監控物質種類與名錄
4.1.3 Species and Catalog of Monitoring Substances and objective items
（1）1999年出口殘留監控物質有13類43種
In 1999, 43 substances of 13 species were included in the RMP
（2）2000年出口殘留監控物質有17類62種
In 2000, 62 substances of 17 species were included in the RMP
（3）2001年出口殘留監控物質有17類64種
In 2001, 64 substances of 17 species were included in the RMP
（4）2002年殘留監控物質有18類87種。
In 2002, 87 substances of 18 species were included in the RMP
（5）2003年進出口殘留監控物質有18類90種
In 2003, 90 substances of 18 species were included in the RMP
【1999年至2003年殘留監控物質種類對比圖】
（類別為監控物質的小類）
4、監控項目與取樣數量
4.1.4 Residue monitoring items and sample numbers
國家質檢總局根據上一年度殘留監控結果反饋情況，特別是陽性結果的檢出情況，結合各國預警通報的情況，每年適當增加對應監控的檢測項目的取樣數量；尤其是針對歐盟每次考察報告中對我殘留監控計劃提出的合理化建議和近年來歐盟通報的氯霉素和硝基呋喃問題，增加了滿足歐盟、日本、韓國、瑞士、香港等國家和地區殘留監控要求的項目。對殘留監控項目在新一年的殘留監控計劃中進行不斷的完善和改進。
based on the residue monitoring results in the previous year, especially on the feedback information of the positive (non-compliance) results, and taking account of world-wide alert notifications, samples of some items to be taken will be duly increased year by year; based on the reasonable suggestions in FVO inspection report and the problems of chloramphenicol and nitrofuran which had been notified by EU in recent years, the monitoring items are being added in order to meet the residue requirement of importing countries and regions such as the EU, Japan, Korea, Switzerland and HK. The list of monitoring items will be updated and the monitoring system, improved in the following year.
（1）2000年在上一年基礎上新增加10個監控項目。
In 2000 10 items were added compared with the monitoring program in 1999
（2）2001年在上一年的基礎上又增加了18個監控項目
In 2001 another 18 items were added compared with the monitoring program in 2000
（3）2002年在上一年的基礎上增加了59個監控項目
In 2002 59 items were added compared with the monitoring program in 2001
（4）2003在上一年的基礎上又新增加了29個監控項目
In 2003 29 items were added compared with the monitoring program in 2002
【1999年至2003年殘留監控項目調整增加對比圖】
5、取樣、送樣程序的建立與完善
4.1.5 Establishment and Improvement of sampling procedure and delivery procedure
為確立官方取樣程序和官方樣品處理的公正性、合法性和科學性，保證樣品的代表性，參照歐盟98/179/EC指令和FAO/WHO農藥殘留法典委員會所推薦的取樣方法，在“1999年中國動物和動物源食品殘留物質監控計劃”中規定了殘留監控樣品的“官方取樣程序”。
For the purpose of ensuring fairness, lawfulness and scientificness of official sampling and handling of samples, and representativeness of samples taken, ‘Official Sampling Procedure’ was stipulated in ‘Chinese Residue Control Program on Live Animals and Foods of Animal origin (1999)’ based on the EU Directive 98/179/EC and the sampling methods recommended of FAO/WHO Pesticide Residue Code Committee.
2000年2月原國家出入境檢驗檢疫局制定并修訂完善了《中國動物及動物源食品殘留物質監控計劃》的工作流程圖、CIQ殘留監控取樣流程圖、CIQ殘留監控取樣單、CIQ殘留監控樣品標簽、CIQ殘留監控送（收）樣單、CIQ殘留監控檢測結果報告單、CIQ殘留監控結果統計報表，并在實施2001年度殘留監控計劃中啟用。
In February 2000, the following flow charts and recording sheets were improved and put into use in 2001 by the former General Administration of Inspection and Quarantine (now known as AQSIQ): the whole CIQ residue monitoring work flow chart, CIQ residue monitoring sampling flow chart, CIQ residue monitoring sampling sheet, CIQ residue monitoring sampling tag, CIQ residue monitoring delivery sheet, CIQ residue monitoring testing results report sheet and the result statistics table.
為保證殘留監控樣品的安全傳遞，2001年原國家出入境檢驗檢疫局委托大通國際運輸有限公司，將需要航空快遞的樣品指定由該公司進行運送。現在仍按此規定進行樣品傳遞。
In order to properly deliver the samples, in 2001, CIQ started to consign to DATONG International transportation Co. of sample delivery by air express. Since then, samples have always been delivered this way.
2001年進一步規范了官方抽樣程序。農業部制訂了《2001年度獸藥殘留監控抽樣計劃技術操作要點》和《殘留監控取樣實施方案》；原國家出入境檢驗檢疫局針對牛、馬、羊、豬、雞、兔、腸衣、鰻魚、小龍蝦和蜂蜜等不同產品制定了不同的、詳細的取樣程序。上述技術指導性文件隨年度殘留監控計劃一并下發。官方抽樣程序保證了抽樣工作的隨機性和不確定性。
The Official Sampling Procedure were further standardized in 2001. Technical Operation Key Point of the Veterinary Drug Residue Monitoring Sampling Plan in 2001 and Operational Measures of Residue Monitoring Sampling were stipulated by MOA; CIQ also set up various detailed sampling procedures for cattle, horses, sheep, pigs, chicken, rabbits, casings, eels, crayfish and honey respectively. All of these technical guidance documents were distributed to local authorities with the annual residue monitoring program together. The sampling could be stochastic and non-scheduled in the implementation of the Official Sampling Procedure.
6、監控地區和抽樣檢測任務
Residue monitored regions and their assigned sampling and testing tasks
國家質檢總局每年根據上一年度的殘留監控工作情況，結合各直屬局提交的殘留監控報告中提出的問題及各局上報的新一年度殘留監控工作計劃，國家質檢總局在每年發布的年度殘留監控計劃對各地區的抽樣和檢測任務均作適當調整。
based on the implementation of the residue monitoring program in the previous year, the problems mentioned in the implementation reports and residue monitoring plans for the coming year submitted by regional authorities, AQSIQ makes reasonable adjustment on regional arrangement of the overall sampling and testing tasks.
目前抽樣地區已從1999年的12個地區增加到32個地區。2003年還新增加了氯霉素和硝基呋喃的檢測抽樣；另外考慮到我國對進口產品檢測出的殘留陽性結果增多，從2003年開始實施進口產品的殘留監測，重點在廣東、遼寧、上海、山東、天津和深圳等入境口岸地區進行抽樣。
For example, sampled regions have expanded from 12 regions in 1999 to the current 32 regions. Chloramphenicol and nitrofurans were added to the sampling plan of 2003. In addition, in view of the increasing positive results in imported products, from 2003 onwards, residue sampling are applied to imported products, mainly in major entry borders/ports in the provinces of Guangdong, Liaoning, Shanghai, Shandong, Tianjin and Shenzhen.
【圖3：1999年至2003年殘留監控抽樣地區對比圖】
（二）殘留監控的其它有關保障措施
4.2 Other related assurance measures for residue monitoring
1、建立殘留監控工作專家隊伍
4.2.1 Setting up expert team for residue monitoring
國家質檢總局有一支殘留監控的專家隊伍，及時收集國外殘留限量、方法等信息，定期培訓與交流，研討我國殘留監控應對措施。隨著殘留監控工作的開展和深入，培養了一大批熟悉歐盟、美國、加拿大、日本等國法律法規和精通殘留監控管理、督促檢查等殘留監控方面的管理型專家及精通殘留檢測技術、掌握最新殘留檢測動態等技術型專家。
AQSIQ has an expert team for residue monitoring who are regularly trained and are responsible for the collection of information on residue limits and methods of analysis, and the studies of measures to be taken for residue monitoring in China. With the development and expansion of residue monitoring work, AQSIQ has cultivated a group of residue monitoring experts who are familiar with the laws and regulations of the EU, the Unite States, Canada, Japan and are accomplished in the administration of residue monitoring, supervision and inspection. AQSIQ also has a group of technical experts accomplished in residue analytic techniques and well informed of latest analytic development.
2、成立殘留監控專家委員會
4.2.2 Foundation of National Drug Residue Monitoring Committee
農業部邀請其他有關部門專家，成立全國藥物殘留監控專家委員會。全國藥物殘留監控專家委員會根據國內藥品使用情況及有關環保監控信息與地方殘留監控機構的數據及農、獸藥銷售和使用等方面信息， 評估殘留監控計劃的效果及效率，進行必要調整，同時負責與相關國際專業組織進行對話，并負責擬訂、審議和修改全國殘留年度監控計劃。
Experts from MOA and other relevant departments were organized by MOA to form National Drug Residue Monitoring Committee. The committee is responsible for the evaluation of the effectiveness and efficiency of residue monitoring plans and making adjustment to the plans if necessary based on the data on domestic drug use, environmental protection, local residue control, and the sale and use of pesticides and veterinary drugs. The committee is also responsible for the dialogues with relevant international organizations, and the draft, examination and revision of annual residue monitoring plans.
3、匯編有關法規與技術資料
4.2.3 Compilation of relevant regulations and technical documents
為了加強殘留監控、實驗室檢測以及有關企業的技術支持，國家質檢總局2002年11月編印出版了《各國食品中農藥獸藥殘留限量規定》。
With a view to strengthening residue control and laboratory analysis and providing technical assistance to related establishments, Pesticide and Veterinary Drug MRLs in Foodstuff in Different Countries was compiled and published in November 2002 by AQSIQ.
國家質檢總局2003年8月編印了《動物源性食品殘留監控法規文件匯編》，下發各直屬檢驗檢疫機構與有關企業學習執行。
In July 2003, AQSIQ compiled and published Collection of Regulations and Circulars on animal origin foodstuff residue monitoring, which was passed down to each directly-affiliated CIQ and related establishment for the purpose of thorough implementation.
Ⅴ.病原微生物控制體系 (Implementation of Pathogen Control Program)
（一）病原微生物的控制
5.1 Pathogen Control
中國食品衛生規范
（GMP，SSOP）
10個出口食品企業的衛生規范和20個國內食品企業的衛生規范
Food Hygiene regulation in China (GMP, SSOP)
ten hygiene regulation for food establishments for export
twenty domestic hygiene regulation
2、HACCP體系
根據出口食品的衛生注冊要求，有六大類出口食品生產加工企業必須實施HACCP體系
According to relevant hygiene requirements for the registration of food establishments, in China food establishments involved in the production /processing of the following six categories of products must be operated in accordance with HACCP:
（1）含肉或水產品的速凍方便食品
1) Instant frozen food containing meat or aquatic products
（2）肉及肉制品
2) meat and meat products
（3）速凍蔬菜
3) Instant frozen vegetables
（4）果蔬汁
4) fruit/vegetable juice
（5）罐頭類
5) canned products
（6）水產品類（活品、冰鮮、晾曬、腌制品除外）
6) Aquatic products (excluding live, fresh and frozen, air-dried, soused products)
（二）病原微生物的檢測
Detection of Pathogen
1、微生物實驗室:按照ISO/IEC17025建立質量管理體系并經中國實驗室認可委員會認證
1. Pathogen testing laboratories: built and operated in line with ISO/IEC17025; accredited by China Laboratory Accreditation Committee
2、質量控制:實驗室定期進行實驗室間的能力驗證實驗并積極參加實驗室認可委員會以及其他國際組織（NATAL, APECAL, CSL）的能力驗證實驗
2. Quality Control: inter-laboratory proficiency tests are regularly held. Laboratories are also involved in active participation in proficiency tests organized by Laboratory Accreditation Committee and international institutions like NATAL, APECAL, CSL, etc.
3、檢測方法：國際、地區或國家標準方法如：FDA/BAM 8th、AOAC、ISO、NMKL、GB方法、SN 方法
3. testing methods: a variety of international, regional or national standard methods like FDA/BAM 8th, AOAC, ISO, NMKL, GB, SN, ect
4、微生物檢測項目：細菌計數、大腸桿菌、沙門氏菌、致病性大腸桿菌(O157:H7) 、單核增生性李斯特氏菌、彎曲桿菌、金黃色葡萄球菌、志賀氏菌等
4. testing items: total bacterial count, O157, salmonellae, O157:H7, listeria monocytogenes, genus campylobacter, staphylococcus aureus, Sh.dysenterae ect.
Ⅵ. 實驗室體系(Laboratory Quality Assurance System)
（一）實驗室機構設置
6.1 Laboratory Construction
國家質檢總局共設有8個殘留檢測基準實驗室和31個批準實驗室，在動物疫病檢測方面設有22個國家級重點實驗室、43個區域性中心實驗室、6個常規實驗室；
In China there are altogether 8 reference laboratories for residue detection and 31 approved laboratories under AQSIQ, and 22 national key laboratories, 43 regional central laboratories, 6 routine laboratories are involved in animal disease detection.
農業部共設有2個殘留檢測基準實驗室和32個批準實驗室。
There are 2 reference laboratories for residue detection and 32 approved laboratories under MOA.
1、基準實驗室
6.1.1 reference laboratories
負責指導批準實驗室的檢測工作，協調分析方法的使用，通過組織培訓、比對試驗，并在必要的情況下通過對試驗結果的分析指導有關實驗室糾正偏差；協助主管當局制定和實施殘留物質監控計劃；定期組織實驗室間的比對試驗；培訓檢測實驗室分析人員；收集國內外有關殘留監控的信息，提供承擔項目的國內外年度綜述；必要時提供確證檢驗。
Responsibilities of Reference Laboratories: setting up and coordinating residue analysis methods and standards; assisting the competent authorities in establishing and carrying out residue monitoring programs; participating in international comparative tests and performance tests; organizing regular comparative tests and performance tests; collecting and transferring information on international residue monitoring; offering domestic or international training programs for analytical staff to improve their analytical skills.
2、批準實驗室
6.1.2 Approved laboratories
承擔監控計劃中指定的檢測任務，出具檢驗結果；參加有關的技術培訓、水平測試和比對試驗；向基準實驗室提出改進分析方法的建議。
Responsibilities of Approved Laboratories: presenting assigned testing results; strictly carrying out designated standards, methods or detection limits for residue testing; participating in comparative tests organized by reference laboratories; proposing to reference laboratories on improving testing methods.
（二）實驗室質量管理（Management of Laboratory Quality）
所有實驗室均按ISO/IEC-17025-1997的標準編制了質量體系文件，并獲得實驗室認可委員會的認可；在其作為基準實驗室所負責的殘留物質檢測方面，有經過殘留物質分析方法培訓的合格人員，熟悉國際標準；擁有本實驗室負責的殘留物質分析項目所必需的設備和材料，具有完善的行政組織機構，具有足夠的數據處理能力，能迅速地將統計資料和其它信息報告主管部門,并通報其它實驗室，有最新的帶證標準物質及其相關信息。
All laboratories have been accredited by Laboratory Accreditation Committee and have adequate quality control documentation in accordance with ISO/IEC-17025-1997.
The laboratories are finely staffed with employees who have been trained on residue analysis and are familiar with international standards and practices. The laboratories are also equipped with adequate facilities and documentation to complete assigned analysis projects. The laboratories have good administrative organizations, own latest CRMs and related information, and possess sufficient data processing abilities, are able to rapidly submit statistical data and other information to the competent authorities and at the same time, notifying other laboratories.
（三）實驗室檢測方法
6.2 Laboratory Testing Methods
1、常規分析方法
6.2.1 Routine Methods of analysis)
實驗室根據檢驗檢疫行政執法和國家殘留監控計劃的要求使用可用于篩選和確證目的的方法。Laboratories use testing methods in accordance with the laws of inspection and quarantine and the requirements of the national residue monitoring program. Routine methods of analysis must be verified in the laboratory and can be used for the purpose of screening and /confirm/iation.
（1）篩選方法：用于篩選目的的方法。這些方法用于測定一種或一類待測物，靈敏度能滿足殘留檢測的要求。這些方法的樣品處理能力高，用于大量樣品中潛在的陽性樣品的篩選，篩選方法必須避免假陰性結果。
(1) Screening Methods: used for the screening of one kind or one class of compounds; the sensitivity can meet the requirement of residue detection. The methods must be suitable for samples of large numbers for potential positive results; specifically designed to avoid false negative results.
（2）確證方法：用于確證目的的方法。提供全部或補充的明確確證信息，靈敏度能滿足殘留檢測的要求，確證方法的目的在于避免假陽性結果。
(2) Confirmatory Methods: used for /confirm/iation, which provides full or complementary information for positive results, specifically designed to avoid false positive results. The sensitivity can satisfy the requirements for residue detection.
2、結果解析
6.2.2 Interpretation of Results
（1）陽性結果：對于限量規定為不得檢出的物質，如果樣品中待測物被明確確證，則分析結果為“陽性”。對于建立了最高殘留限量的物質，如果試驗樣品（使用任何校正因子以后）中待測物含量超過最高殘留限量，則分析結果為陽性。
(1) Positive Results: if the presence of a substance that must not be found in the sample is /confirm/ied, the result is regarded as "positive". For substance with an established maximum residue limit, the result of the analysis is considered as ‘positive’ in case the determined content of the identified compound in the sample is higher than the MRLs (in any calibration).
（2）陰性結果：對于限量規定為不得檢出的物質，經確證樣品中不存在待測物。已建立最高殘留限量的殘留物，樣品中待測物測定含量低于最高殘留限量，則分析結果為陰性。
(2) Negative Results: if a substance that must not be detected in the sample has proved to be out of existence, the result is regarded as "negative". For substances with established MRLs, the result is regarded as ‘negative’ in case the content of the compound in the sample is lower than the MRLs.
3、分析方法選擇
6.2.3 Choosing of Methods of Analysis
（1）中國國家標準或中國行業標準；
Relevant Chinese national standards (GB) or Chinese industrial standards (SN)
（2）公定的標準方法，如國際標準化組織（ISO）發布的方法；
Recognized standard methods, for instance, ISO methods
（3）經權威的管理部門或機構認可的標準操作指南（SOP）；
Standard Operational Practices (SOP) authorized by competent authorities or institutions.
4、質量控制
6.2.4 Quality Control
（1）分析方法必須經過認可或周密的驗證。
(1) Analytical methods must be approved or validated thoroughly before put into use;
（2）程序作出明確的規定，經考核核準的人員才能進行分析、測試、分析結果計算和記錄、校核等工作。
(2) It has been stipulated that only those who have been examined and qualified can handle sample analysis, calculation, recording and checking of results;
（3）使用質量控制樣品。包括經用有證標準物質（CRM）或其他國際上公認的標準物質校準的實驗室參考物質。每一次測試應同時檢測質量控制樣品
(3) Use control samples, including certified reference materials (CRM), or other laboratory reference materials calibrated by the standard substances recognized internationally. Samples analyzed each time should be paralleled with quality control samples
（4）用添加樣品（添加有待測物或內標物）檢查回收率、響應線性和制作校正曲線
(4) Recovery, linearity and calibration curve should be checked by spiked samples (with target component or internal standard).
（5）主要儀器設備，應能滿足檢測方法的要求，并要經常進行校準和維護。
(5) Main testing facilities should meet the requirements of analytical methods, and be verified and maintained regularly.
（6）結果計算必須詳細說明，其結果必須符合統計分析的質量要求。
(6) Data calculation should be presented in detail. The results must meet statistical quality control requirements.
5、參加實驗室比對與協同試驗
Participating in Comparative Tests and Performance Tests
盡管國際上組織開展的獸藥殘留檢測水平測試的次數很少，但CIQ的許多實驗室近年來還是積極參加了國際水平測試和協同實驗：35個CIQ實驗室通過獸藥殘留水平測試得到了日本厚生勞動省的認可；浙江、上海等9個實驗室參加了英國TPA的茶葉農藥殘留水平測試，得到了歐盟茶葉委員會的認可；遼寧、上海和浙江參加了APLAC的食品檢驗水平測試；秦皇島、大連、商檢研究所等參加了AOAC分析方法協同實驗（如克球酚、菊酯類等）。同時，國家實驗室認可委員會經常組織全國實驗室進行水平測試、盲樣測試和比對試驗等，實驗室與實驗室之間也進行結果的比對。
Although there are few international tests on residue testing performance, quite a lot of CIQ laboratories participated in international comparative tests and performance tests in recent years: 35 laboratories have been accredited by Japanese Ministry of Welfare and Labor; 9 laboratories from Zhejiang and Shanghai took part in tea residue detection performance tests organized by TPA and have been accredited by European Tea Committee; Laboratories from Liaoning, Zhejiang and Shanghai participated in performance tests organized by APLAC; commodity inspection research institutes in Qinhuangdao and Dalian participated in AOAC testing method co-experiment (on items of Clopitol, pyrethroids, etc.) In the meantime, State Laboratory Accreditation Committee frequently organizes nationwide laboratory performance tests, blind sample tests and comparative tests.
Ⅶ. 風險預警與快速反應體系(Risk alarm and Rapid Response)
（一）預警及快速反應的對象和范圍
7.1 Object and Scope of Risk alert & Rapid Response Mechanism
存在或可能存在風險及存在潛在危害的具有化學、物理、生物性污染，這些污染包括病原微生物、病蟲害、農獸殘、重金屬殘留、毒素等，以及不符合標簽規定的進出口動物源性食品等。
Chemical, physical or biological contaminants that have or may have or have potential hazardous effect on human health, including pathogens, pests, pesticide and drug residues, heavy metal residues, toxins, and animal-derived food products non-compliant with labeling requirements, etc.
（二）風險預警管理的組織機構
7.2 Contracture of Organization and Management of risk alert
（1）國家質檢總局統一管理全國進出口動物源性食品檢驗檢疫風險預警及快速反應工作，進出口食品安全局具體組織實施。
1) AQSIQ plays a leading role in the management of Risk alert and Quick Responding System for imported and exported food products of animal origin, with import and Export Food Safety Bureau taking care of the actual implementation.
（2）進出口動物源性食品檢驗檢疫風險預警及快速反應工作辦公室（風險預警辦公室）設在標準法規中心，負責風險預警及快速反應的日常工作。
2) Risk alert and Quick Responding Office (which is under Standards, Law and Regulation Center, known also as Risk alert Office) deals with daily affairs associated with risk alert.
（3）國家質檢總局設在各地的直屬出入境檢驗檢疫機構（直屬局）指定相應的部門負責所轄地區的進出口動物源性食品風險預警及快速反應工作。
3) Provincial/local CIQ designates corresponding bodies to deal with risk alert and quick responding affairs.
（三）風險預警措施
7.3 Risk alert measures
（1）向各地出入境檢驗檢疫機構發布風險警示通報，對特定出入境貨物、物品有針對性地加強檢驗檢疫和監測等，并迅速采取有效的措施控制風險
1) To issue alert notifications to provincial/local CIQ, to strengthen inspection, supervision on specific entry-exit commodities/consignments, and to take effective measures to bring risks, if any, under control.
（2）向國內外生產廠商、相關部門發布風險警示通告，提醒或通知其采取適當的措施，主動消除或降低進出口動物源性食品的風險。
2) To release alert notifications reminding domestic and foreign producers and relevant authorities to take proper measures for the purpose of removing or reducing risks.
（3）向消費者發布風險警示通告，提醒消費者注意某種動物源性食品的風險，確保安全。
3) To publicize alert notifications enhancing consumers' awareness of the risk a certain animal-originated food product may impose.
（四）快速反應措施
7.4 Rapid Response
1、進出口檢驗檢疫快速反應措施
7.4.1 Rapid response of Entry-exit inspection and quarantine
（1）出入境口岸檢驗檢疫發現不合格產品依法有條件地限制有風險的動物源性食品出入境或使用；對嚴重者采取禁止其出入境、銷毀或退回。
（2）日常檢驗檢疫監測發現不合格產品對有風險的動物源性食品采取嚴密監控、增加檢驗比例、增設檢驗項目、增加檢驗檢疫批次、扣留觀察、責令召回等措施。
（3）國外有關風險信息通過不合格產品信息的報道，加強對有風險的動物源性食品的國內外生產、加工或存放單位的衛生注冊及監督檢查，對不符合條件的，依法取消其檢驗檢疫衛生注冊登記資格或進出口動物源性食品標簽審核證書等。
1) Border controls: if non-compliant products are found by CIQ, responding restrictive measures will be taken in line with relevant laws and regulations; if found to be seriously non-compliant, products shall be rejected or destroyed, and the entry/exit of them shall not be allowed.
2) Routine controls: if non-compliant products are found in routine analysis, the products shall be closely supervised, and follow-up measures like the increase of sampling percentage, testing items and consignments, detaining, mandatory recalls, shall be taken.
3) When there are reports on hazardous products in a third country, corresponding measures, such as strengthening supervision on the establishments that produce, process or store products that may pose risks; if non-compliance is /confirm/ied, the registration number and/or labeling certificate of animal products for import/export of the establishment(s) will be annulled.
2、緊急控制措施
7.4.2 Emergent Control Measures
（1）對風險不明確而且可能存在重大風險的出入境動物源性食品，采取扣留檢驗檢疫、限制進出口的臨時緊急措施，并積極收集信息進行風險評估。
（2）對已經明確存在A級風險的出入境動物源性食品，采取緊急措施，禁止其出入境、銷毀或退回；必要時，提請國務院封鎖有關口岸。
1) imported/exported animal products that may produce severe hazardous effect will be detained for further analysis, the movement of which shall be restricted until risk assessment is made based on collected information.
2) imported/exported animal products that are confirmed to have Class A hazardous effect shall be rejected at border, to be destroyed or recalled; and if necessary, the State Council shall be suggested to take measures to close border post(s) involved.
3、召回管理程序
7.4.3 Recall Management Procedure
出口主管部門在確定出口食品存在問題后，及時向經營者發出召回通知書，并發出暫停出口公告，生產企業在接到主管部門發出的召回通知書之日起3日內，停止出口所涉及的出口食品，經營者接到主管部門關于出口食品指令召回通知書之日起5日內，實施產品召回行動計劃，對每一批完成召回的出口食品，經營者應保存符合本程序要求的召回記錄單，在召回完成時，向主管部門遞交符合要求的召回結果報告，主管部門或其指定的機構應對召回行動進行核實和檢查，確保召回行動按計劃完成。
When exported food products are confirmed to be unsafe or unsuitable for human consumption, the competent authorities shall issue recall notifications to the producers/exporters involved, and coupled with that, export suspension announcements will also be issued. Producers involved, upon the arrival of recall notifications, shall suspend the export of the affected food products within 3 days; exporters involved, upon the arrival of recall notifications, shall start to recall the affected products within 5 days. Recall records shall be kept in line with recall procedure requirements; recall reports shall be submitted to the competent authorities upon the completion of recall procedures. The competent authorities or their designated agencies are responsible for the review and verification of recalls made to ensure its accordance with recall plans.
Ⅷ、進出境檢驗檢疫管理
Management of Entry-exit Inspection and Quarantine
（一）風險分析7.1 Risk Analysis
進口的肉類產品應來自無動物疫病流行的國家或地區。提供出口國詳細的獸醫衛生狀況及動物疫病發生情況，完成獸醫答卷。
imported meat products must come from non-epizootic disease countries or regions. The competent authority of the countries or regions that intended to export meat products to China should provide information about animal health statue and the outbreak of epizootic disease , complete an animal disease questionnaire.
（二）簽訂雙邊協議
8.2 Signing Bilateral Agreement
肉類出口國政府應與國家質量監督檢驗檢疫總局簽訂有關輸入肉類的雙邊議定書。
The competent authority of exporting country should sign bilateral agreements with General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of P.R.C (AQSIQ ). on importing of meat products.
（三）境外生產廠家考核與注冊登記
8.3 On-site review and registration of foreign establishments
出口企業應向中華人民共和國認證認可監督管理局申請注冊，進口的肉類產品應來自中華人民共和國認證認可監督管理局批準注冊的加工廠，加工廠和肉類生產應在出口國政府官方獸醫的監督監管下。未經認證認可監督管理局注冊登記的國外加工企業生產的肉類產品不得向中國出口。
The export-oriented facilities of foreign countries and regions should apply for registration to Certification and Accreditation Administration of the people’s Republic of China (CNCA ), The imported meat products must come from the facilities that approved by CNCA, and the production of meat products should be put under the supervision of the official inspector
（四）檢驗檢疫 (8.4 Inspection and Quarantine )
1、檢疫審批 8.4.1 import Permit
檢疫審批制度是指根據動植物檢疫法第五條、第十條及其實施條例的第九條、第十條以及國家有關規定，對進境動物及其動物產品（含過境動物及產品）、部分植物及其產品，必須事先辦理檢疫審批手續，獲得《中華人民共和國進境動植物檢疫許可證》（以下稱檢疫許可證）。審批范圍詳見《進境動植物檢疫審批名錄》（國家質檢總局2002年第2號公告）
base on the statement of article 5 and 10 in Law of the People's Republic of China on the Entry and Exit Animal and Plant Quarantine, and statement of article 9and 10 in The Regulation for implementation of Law of the People's Republic of China on Entry and Exit Animal and Plant Quarantine , The import Permit System requires whoever imports animal quarantine objects or transports transit quarantine objects shall submit an application, go through the formalities for approval of quarantine and get the import Permit of Entry Animal and Plant Quarantine of People’s Republic of China in advance. Some detailed information is in “The list of import Permit of animal and plant quarantine” (Announcement No.2, 2002,AQSIQ)
2、檢疫報檢Quarantine Declaration
輸入、輸出檢驗檢疫物或過境運輸檢驗檢疫物，必須提前向有關進出境檢驗檢疫機構申報檢疫，同時提供必要的報檢資料，如報檢單、檢疫許可證、產地檢疫證書、貿易合同等。
Quarantine declaration system requires whoever imports and exports inspection and quarantine objects or transports transit inspection and quarantine objects shall apply to relevant entry-exit inspection and quarantine authorities in advance on strength of the necessary documents such as Declaration form, the import permit, the health certificate of origin and trade contracts etc.
3、現場檢驗檢疫 On-spots Inspection and Quarantine
（1）進出境的檢驗檢疫物到達口岸時，進出境檢驗檢疫機構依法登車、登船、登機對檢疫物實施檢疫，包括查驗證單、查驗證貨相符、防疫消毒等。
（2）根據需要，采取樣品進行實驗室檢驗檢疫。
On arrival at a port of entry-exit inspection and quarantine objects, the inspection and quarantine authority shall embark on a ship, a vehicle or an airplane to perform quarantine by the Law, including documents check and identity check, and preventive disinfections.
If necessary, the samples will be taken at random for laboratory tests
4、實驗室檢驗檢疫 Laboratory Tests
進出口動物源性食品的實驗室檢驗項目、方法和判定標準根據應檢疫病名錄、雙邊檢疫議定書、貿易合同或協議中訂明的要求進行。檢驗項目包括有害生物（病原微生物，體內、外寄生蟲，昆蟲、有害物質、雜草等）、殘留（農藥與獸藥殘留，重金屬，生物與化學毒素，有毒物質，超標的微量元素）等。
The items, methods and standards of laboratory tests for Products of Animal Origin for Export & import are specified in the list of diseases, bilateral quarantine protocol, trade contracts or agreements. The inspection items include Harmful existences( pathogenic microbes, celozoic and ectozoic parasites, insects, weeds and other harmful substance) ;Residues(pesticides and veterinary drug residues, heavy metal, chemical toxins, toxic substances, trace elements) etc.
5、檢驗檢疫監督Supervision on Inspection and Quarantine
檢驗檢疫監督是指對進出口動物源性食品的生產、加工、存放過程實施監督管理。
Inspection and Quarantine supervision requires that the whole process of the production, processing and storage of Products of Animal Origin for Export & import shall be under the supervision and surveillance.
6、檢驗檢疫放行和檢驗檢疫處理
Inspection & Quarantine Release and Inspection & Quarantine Treatments
（1）檢驗檢疫放行是指對經檢驗檢疫合格的檢驗檢疫物給予的放行處理
（2）檢疫處理是指對經檢驗檢疫不合格的檢驗檢疫物采取的措施，包括退回、銷毀（撲殺）和除害（如消毒、熏蒸）措施。
Inspection Release means the measure shall be taken for the inspection and quarantine objects which have passed the quarantine inspection
Quarantine treatments means all kinds of measures shall be taken for the inspection and quarantine objects fails to quarantine inspection, including rejection, destruction (killing) and inactivation of harmful organism (by disinfections or fumigation).
標簽：管理體系 動物源性食品 進出口 
